The Schiava grape

History and Origin

Schiava, also known as Trollinger in Germany and Vernatsch in South Tyrol, is a red grape variety with a rich history. This grape is believed to have originated in the picturesque valleys of the Alpine region, specifically in the northeastern part of Italy.

Early cultivation of Schiava took place in the wine regions of South Tyrol and Trentino. Later, it found its way to the Württemberg wine region of Baden-Württemberg in Germany.

Schiava refers to a group of related grapes. These varieties include Schiava Grossa, Schiava Grigia, Schiava Gentile, and Schiava Nera. These varieties are often co-planted and blended together.

The name “Schiava” might come from the practice of tying the vines to poles. This method contrasts with letting them grow wild on the ground and into trees as was done traditionally.

Varieties of Schiava:

• Schiava Grossa: Also known as Grossvernatsch.
• Schiava Grigia: Known as Grauvernatsch.
• Schiava Gentile: Often called Kleinvernatsch.
• Schiava Nera: Another notable variety.

Schiava has been cultivated for centuries, adapting to different regions and climates. Today, it is primarily grown on steep, sunny slopes, perfect for producing its unique flavours.

Early records and historical documents indicate that Schiava was appreciated for its light, aromatic profile and versatile nature. It became especially popular in the Alto Adige region of northern Italy, which remains a key area for its production.

Understanding Schiava’s history helps to appreciate its journey from ancient vineyards to modern-day tables.

Viticulture

Schiava, also known as Vernatsch or Trollinger, is a red grape variety grown mainly in Alto Adige, Italy. This grape thrives in specific conditions and demands careful attention.

Location and Climate:

• Grows well in areas like Lago di Caldero and Santa Maddalena.
• Prefers steep, sunny locations to get the right amount of sunlight.

Soil and Cultivation:

• Requires well-drained soil to prevent excess moisture.
• Grows best in gravelly and sandy soils.

Challenges:

• Thin Skin: Prone to mildew and pests.
• Yield Management: Needs lower yields for better quality wine.

Practices:

• Precise Viticulture: Essential for producing complex and age-worthy wines.
• Canopy Management: Helps in controlling exposure to sunlight and airflow.

Schiava grapes are picked at the right ripeness to ensure a balance of sugar and acidity. This balance is crucial for the light-bodied and sweetly aromatic wines they produce. Proper vineyard practices and timely harvest contribute significantly to the unique flavours and aromas of Schiava wines.

Wine Characteristics

Schiava wines are known for their light and delicate nature. These wines are often compared to Pinot Noir due to their similar body and texture.

Flavor Profile:

• Aromas: Cotton candy, strawberry, bubblegum, roses
• Taste: Subtle flavours with a balance of fruitiness and freshness

Alcohol Content:

• Generally around 12% ABV, making them easy to drink

Schiava wines typically have a light colour, ranging from pale red to a deeper hue. They offer a subtle yet complex taste, making them versatile for various occasions.

Key Producers:

• Cantina Girlan: Known for their age-worthy examples
• Rottensteiner: Specializes in single-vineyard Schiava
• Rohregger: Focuses on terroir-driven wines

The balance of sweetness and dryness in Schiava wines ensures they appeal to modern wine drinkers seeking a unique sensory experience. The wines’ low alcohol content and fruity profile make them food-friendly and easy to enjoy.

Key Regions

Schiava, also known as Vernatsch in German-speaking areas, is primarily grown in northern Italy. The most important region for this grape is Alto Adige, also known as South Tyrol.

Alto Adige

Alto Adige is characterized by its Alpine climate, which offers cool nights and warm days, ideal for cultivating Schiava. The region’s diverse soil types, including gravel, sand, and clay, contribute to the wine’s unique flavours.

Trentino

Adjacent to Alto Adige, Trentino also cultivates Schiava. The vineyards here benefit from a mix of alpine and Mediterranean climates, allowing the grape to ripen fully while maintaining its delicate structure.

Lombardy

In Lombardy, Schiava is known under the name Groppello. This region is especially famed for producing light and fruity wines, with Lake Garda providing a moderating effect on the climate.

Veneto

Veneto also grows Schiava, although it is less dominant compared to Alto Adige and Trentino. The region’s diverse microclimates enable the production of varied wine styles.

These regions are essential to Italy’s wine culture, providing unique environments that shape the flavours and characteristics of Schiava wines. Each area brings something different to the table, making Schiava a versatile and cherished grape.

Wine Styles

Schiava is a versatile grape variety. It can produce a range of wine styles, mainly light to medium-bodied reds.

Key Characteristics

• Aromas: Schiava wines often smell like cotton candy, roses, and strawberries.
• Flavors: Expect flavours of red berries, cherries, and sometimes almond.

Light-Bodied Reds

These wines are easy-drinking with low tannins and high acidity. They pair well with simple pasta dishes and light meats.

Medium-Bodied Reds

Some producers make Schiava that is a bit fuller. These wines can have greater depth and complexity, suited for pairing with richer foods like grilled meats.

Sweet and Fruity

Schiava is known for its bright fruitiness. This style appeals to those who enjoy wines that are sweetly aromatic and refreshing.

Key Producers

• Cantina Girlan: Known for high-quality, age-worthy Schiava.
• Rottensteiner: Offers single-vineyard Schiavas with a focus on terroir.
• Rohregger: Specializes in terroir-driven wines, showcasing the grape’s versatility.

Where It’s Made

Schiava is primarily grown in the Trentino and Alto Adige regions of Italy. In Germany, it is known as Trollinger and mainly cultivated in Württemberg. This grape adapts well to various soils and climates, making it a favourite among winemakers in these regions.

Serving Tips

For best results, serve Schiava wines slightly chilled. This enhances their fresh, fruity characteristics. These wines are perfect for casual occasions and can be enjoyed young.

Food Pairing

Schiava is a versatile wine that pairs well with a variety of dishes. Its light body and sweet, aromatic notes make it a delight with several types of cuisine.

A great starting point is seafood. Shrimp, especially when cooked with basil and ginger, complements Schiava’s flavours. Similarly, light fish dishes and richer styles of fish also pair well.

For poultry, consider grilled or roasted chicken. The gentle flavours of the wine enhance the subtle taste of the meat, creating a balanced meal.

Tofu dishes, especially those with Southeast Asian flavours, are another excellent match. The wine’s profile works beautifully with basil- and ginger-infused tofu recipes.

Quick Reference Table

Schiava’s unique taste can even handle game meats. Venison or duck, with their rich, hearty flavours, are fantastic choices. The wine’s lightness cuts through the richness of these meats.

This wine also complements vegetarian meals well. Think along the lines of grilled vegetables or light pasta dishes with a hint of herbs.

Food Pairing List

• Seafood: shrimp, light fish
• Poultry: grilled chicken
• Vegetarian: tofu with basil, grilled vegetables
• Game: venison, duck

These pairings enhance the overall experience of enjoying a glass of Schiava, making it a great addition to diverse culinary adventures.

Notable Wines and Tasting Notes

Schiava wines from the Alto Adige region in Italy are praised for their light and aromatic qualities. Here are some notable Schiava wines and their tasting notes:

1. 2014 Abbazia di Novacella Schiava Alto Adige DOC

   • Aroma: Thyme, nutmeg
   • Taste: Tart cherry, leather, tobacco leaf, gentian
   • Finish: Mild
   • Price: $16

2. Cantina Girlan

   • Vines are 80-100 years old
   • Focus: Terroir and age-worthy wines

3. Rottensteiner

   • Location: Near Bolzano
   • Specialty: Single-vineyard Schiava

Flavor Profile:

• Light-bodied, similar to Pinot Noir
• Aromatic notes: Cotton candy, strawberry, bubblegum, lemonhead candy
• Color: Delicate and light
• Producers in Alto Adige often make a dry style to balance sweetness

Wineries to Explore:

• Cantina Girlan: Known for grapevine age and terroir focus
• Rottensteiner: Specializes in single-vineyard production near Bolzano
• Rohregger: Focus on terroir-driven wines

These wines pair well with food and offer a refreshing taste experience. Each bottle provides a unique look into the diverse character of the Schiava grape.

Current Trends and Future Outlook

Schiava wine is gaining attention for its light, fruity, and fresh flavour profile. Its relatively low alcohol level, around 12% ABV, appeals to modern wine drinkers who prefer lighter options.

Many wine producers in Northern Italy are focusing on Schiava. They use innovative methods to enhance its flavour. For instance, they use posts or poles to support vines, a practice dating back to ancient times.

Schiava is experiencing a resurgence in popularity. Wine enthusiasts appreciate its versatility. It pairs well with many types of food, making it a favourite at meals.

In the Alto Adige region, Schiava faces competition from other grapes. Pinot Grigio, another popular grape, might overtake Schiava in plantings. Yet, Schiava’s unique characteristics keep it in demand.

Looking ahead, Schiava’s future seems promising. Its ability to please a broad audience and its adaptability to different cuisines are strong points. As awareness grows, more people are likely to choose Schiava, ensuring its place in the wine market.